I’ve never been one to focus too much on labels, and I don’t believe every person with ADHD needs a formal diagnosis or medication. However, for some, getting a diagnosis can be life-changing, offering clarity and access to helpful resources. In my opinion, the key is learning to manage ADHD in a way that aligns with your unique needs and goals.

In this blog, I want to explore ADHD from a clinical perspective, exploring the signs, different types, and the diagnosis process. I’ll also touch on the challenges of misdiagnosis and how to ensure the right support is in place.

Why to understand ADHD?

ADHD isn’t just about being distracted or hyperactive—it’s a complex condition that affects real lives in real ways. By increasing awareness of its signs, types, and diagnosis process, we can create a more supportive world for those who live with it.

If you’re eager to learn more about ADHD, I highly recommend reading “Travel Into the ADHD Mind” by Nea Clark. This book provides an insightful look into the neurodivergent brain and offers practical strategies for thriving with ADHD.

What is ADHD?

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) isn’t just a slogan—it’s a neurodevelopmental condition that affects both children and adults. It’s characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity patterns that can make everything from school and work to relationships more challenging.

Thanks to advancements in neuroscience and psychology, we now know that ADHD is not just a childhood condition. It persists into adulthood for many people, showing up in different ways. No two ADHD brains are the same, which is why symptoms can vary so much from person to person.

Although ADHD is officially classified as a single condition, it presents in different ways. The term ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) is outdated, as ADHD now encompasses all its variations.

The Three Types of ADHD

ADHD is categorised into three main types, each with its own challenges:

Predominantly Inattentive Type

• Often struggles to stay focused
• Easily forgets tasks or misplaces things
• Has difficulty with organisation and time management

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type

• Frequently fidgets, talks excessively, or has trouble sitting still
• Acts without thinking through consequences
• Interrupts conversations or struggles to wait their turn

Combined Type

• A mix of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive traits
• The most commonly diagnosed type

Recognising ADHD Symptoms

ADHD can present differently in children and adults, that is the reason is why it’s often misunderstood or overlooked. Take a closer look at some of the common signs:

ADHD in Children:

• Short attention span, especially for tasks that require focus
• Frequently forgets homework, assignments, or chores
• Constantlthat is the rasony fidgets, moves, or struggles to stay seated
• Impulsively interrupts conversations or blurts out answers
• Struggles to complete tasks that require sustained attention

ADHD in Adults:

• Struggles with time management and often procrastinates.
• Frequently forgets appointments or misplaces important items. Feels restless or uncomfortable when remaining still.
• Finds it difficult to maintain personal or professional relationships.
• Has trouble prioritising or organising tasks. Symptoms can vary in severity and may manifest differently in different environments.
• Some individuals may appear highly organised at work but struggle at home—or vice versa. This complexity makes accurate diagnosis essential.

How is ADHD Diagnosed?

ADHD isn’t something you can diagnose on your own. A qualified healthcare professional needs to conduct a proper assessment using the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) criteria, Conners Rating Scale, ADHD-RS, Behavioural Observations, Continuous Performance Tests, Vanderbilt Assessment, Integrated Assessment, etc…

Some of the Key Diagnostic Criteria: (DSM-5)

Duration: Symptoms must be present for at least six months.

Age of Onset: Signs must have appeared before the age of 12.

Impact Across Settings: Symptoms must be noticeable in two or more environments (e.g., home, school, or work).

Step-by-Step Diagnosis Process:

Observation & History: A professional will review behavioral patterns, often gathering insights from parents, teachers, or colleagues.

Symptom Evaluation: Standardized ADHD checklists and assessments will be used to determine symptom severity.

Ruling Out Other Conditions: Since ADHD symptoms overlap with conditions like anxiety and learning disorders, other potential causes need to be ruled out.

Misdiagnosis & Overlapping Conditions

One of the biggest challenges with ADHD is that it shares symptoms with conditions like anxiety, depression, Bipolar Disorder, and other learning disabilities. This overlap often leads to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis, and those who tend to internalise their symptoms rather than display hyperactive behaviours.

Managing ADHD: Strategies for Success

ADHD may not have a one-size-fits-all solution, but many ways exist to manage it effectively. Here are some of the most helpful strategies:

Therapy: Some of the Talking Therapies are a great tool for building coping skills and structuring daily routines.

Medication: Stimulants and non-stimulant medications can help improve focus and impulse control when prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Coaching: ADHD coaching helps with time management, organisation, and goal setting.

Lifestyle Adjustments: Regular exercise, sleep routines, and balanced nutrition can greatly improve the management of symptoms.

It’s important to remember that managing ADHD is a personal journey. What works for one person may not work for another, so trial and adjustment are key.